Abstract:
Number processing is crucial for our everyday lives. Whether we check the time or calculate our expenses, numbers are omnipresent. Over the last decades, research under the banner of numerical cognition gained insight into the neurocognitive architecture of number processing by identifying neural underpinnings for different number related skills.
The Triple Code Model (TCM; Dehaene, 2009) provides the most influential and fruitful theoretical framework for investigating these neurocognitive foundations of number processing. Although its major contributions for a deeper understanding of number processing in the brain are beyond question, the TCM also narrowed the scope of research in the field. Particularly, its main strength - the formulation as a simple but yet comprehensive and closed neurocognitive model of number processing - proved to be a two-edged sword. On the one hand, it provided a theoretical foundation for revealing studies on the neural underpinnings of numerical cognition. On the other hand, it created a “bubble” - a closed and internally coherent framing - in which the majority of numerical cognition research was conducted, often neglecting insights from other research fields. Only recently this veil of doctrine has been lifted and findings from other research domains enriched our understanding of number processing in the human brain.
Following this tradition, the present thesis investigated the complex interplay of domain general and domain specific cognitive processes in numerical cognition by integrating theories on attention, long-term memory and visual perception with numerical cognition research. The results of three fMRI studies highlight the importance of domain general cognitive processes superordinate to but relevant for number processing. Updates/extensions of the two major processing systems content wise differentiated by the TCM - the fact retrieval and the magnitude system - are proposed. Results indicate a central role of classical long-term memory areas (e.g., hippocampus) in arithmetic fact retrieval and question an involvement of the angular gyrus (AG) in the actual retrieval process. Instead it was suggested that the involvement of AG in numerical tasks reflects its domain general role in attention regulation. Furthermore, an extension of the magnitude system is proposed: Gestalt perception processes and associated brain areas around the temporo-parietal junction (TPJ) are recruited to support enumeration in the subitizing range. Taking into account the role of domain general cognitive processes superordinate to number processing, the present thesis might serve as an integrative starting point for further development of the TCM.