Abstract:
The work developed during this thesis include the design, modeling, synthesis and characterization of new polymeric materials based on fullerenes for application in organic photovoltaics as morphology stabilizers. In view of such use, these materials have to present particular properties, among which a good solubility in organic solvents, a good miscibility with the light-absorber polymer as well as a morphological stability superior to those currently used materials, such as (bis-)PC60BM and the derivatives of indene-C60.
Six different synthetic routes were studied and the electronic properties (LUMO orbital energy, electroaffinity, electrophilicity, reorganization energy, transfer integral and electron mobility) were determined by molecular modeling. Among these routes, the one called ''ATRAP'', not much studied in the literature yet, was finally retained.
The physicochemical properties of the so-synthesized materials, grafted with different lateral chains, were determined by different characterization techniques and their application in thin films for Organic Photovoltaic devices was performed. When used as additives, these materials display a potential of stabilizing the P3HT/PC60BM layer, and this does not influence the performance of the device. After a thermal treatment, the observed behavior was the opposite of the expected, it means that a destabilization of the active layer was noted instead of a stabilization and the underlying mechanism was also studied by several experimental techniques.
Finally, a depolymerization mechanism induced by light and/or heat was proposed. Within this process, the cleavage of the monomer-fullerene bond is responsible for creating defects, such as the depolymerization, cross-linkings or irreversible rearrangement of the thin layer. This cleavage can be either thermally activated or induced by the triplet state of the monomer, which also destabilizes this bond.
Beyond that, this work also interested in: (i) the stabilization of the organic-inorganic interface within photovoltaic devices by tailoring organic groups able to bind to the inorganic surface, (ii) the stabilization of the lateral chain of conjugated polymers by the insertion of alkoxy chains, as well as (iii) the relation between the curvature of a carbon-based molecule and its reactivity to molecular oxygen.
These studies, performed in parallel, drove to the proposition of new donor-acceptor hybrid materials based on hexabenzocoronene, which are capable of stacking over itself to form supramolecular structures similar to discotic liquid crystals. From the conclusions of this document, two novel materials were proposed, which electronic properties reveal that it is possible to design new materials that may be stable and efficient at the same time for application in organic photovoltaics.