Abstract:
Computer-aided drug design is very important for modern drug discovery. Using a variety of different algorithms, approximations of the binding free energy of chemical compounds to a molecular target can be generated in silico in a very fast and very cheap way, without any need for physical availability of those compounds in this step. Computer-aided drug design thus allows to drastically speed up the task of developing new drugs, strongly reduces costs and enables the rapid testing of new, yet unsynthesized, classes of compounds.
In this dissertation, new approaches for computer-aided drug design are presented: a framework for Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) modeling, a receptor-ligand scoring function and a docking algorithm, a three-dimensional target-specific rescoring procedure and CADDSuite, a software suite that contains all the aforementioned algorithms and a large set of additional, auxiliary tools and algorithms.
The QSAR framework provides all necessary steps to generate regression or classification models with high predictive quality: read input, generate molecular descriptors, generate a variety of different regression and classification models, automatically select relevant descriptors and evaluate the quality of models. Using several data sets, we will show that is easily possible to obtain high-quality QSAR models by using all the functionality in combination.
IMGDock, a deterministic receptor-ligand docking algorithm employing a specially designed empirical scoring function has been developed. Using the established DUD (Cross et al., J Med Chem, 2006, 49, 6789-6801) docking benchmark sets, we show that IMGDock yields results of high quality and in many cases outperforms other docking approaches. Furthermore, IMDock is fast, easily configurable and freely available as open source and can easily be deployed on compute clusters, clouds, or grids.
Target-Specific Grid-based Rescoring (TaGRes) employs three-dimensional information generated by docking and experimental binding free energy measurements for other compounds in order to rescore molecular interactions. Thereby, this approach takes into account receptor-ligand interactions, their three-dimensional locations and their target-specific importances.
We will show that using this technique, the enrichment obtained by docking can be strongly enhanced.
CADDSuite (Computer-Aided Drug Design Suite), was created as a framework for com\-puter-aided drug design, containing all the algorithms mentioned before, and a high number of auxiliary tools, for example for preparation or analysis purposes.
Thus, CADDSuite provides flexibly combinable programs for all commonly required steps and can therefore make solving common drug design tasks much easier.
To make creation of pipelines even simpler, CADDSuite has also been integrated into the well-known workflow system Galaxy, thus essentially allowing users to create drug design workflows directly from a web browser, without any need for software installations on their local computer, and also to directly submit them to a compute cluster, grid, or cloud.
Last but not least, we will explain our work towards discovery of inhibitors for bacterial biofilm formation. We will describe how we found a number of very promising inhibitor candidates, using a combination of our computer-aided drug design tools and experimental validations.