Abstract:
In this thesis, a bead based multiplexed serological antigen assay was generated, optimized and validated for the detection of human antibodies in serum of patients infected with tuberculosis.
To ensure reliable and comparable results of the developed assay over a longer period of time quality control samples are always necessary. For the first time, a systematic bioinformatics approach was described to create a pool of serum samples that can be used as quality and positive controls in a multiplexed assay setup to cover all analytes with pre-calculated signal intensities. Using this approach, reference samples for several thousand screenings could be generated with only minimal consumption of sample material.
Screening of more than thousand human serum samples revealed a set of antigens which was able to discriminate different tuberculosis disease states. However, statistical analysis showed a poor sensitivity and specificity of the identified markers. A combination of these antigens did not lead to an improved sensitivity and specificity.
In summary, this study shows that the developed assay based on the available material and considering the complex nature of the disease is not able to clearly discriminate different tuberculosis disease states. However, the identified candidate antigens are promising for future work (e.g. the results generated by Kunnath-Velayudhan et al., 2010 [81] were confirmed) but further studies are necessary. The assay described here can be used as an excellent research tool to gain further insight into the endemic and demographic properties of the disease. Thus, in the near future, endemic studies are planned to get an overview if different patterns of antibody reactivity can be observed. Detection of childhood tuberculosis is a very challenging task, as the results with current diagnostics (sputum smear microscopy and culture) often show false-negative results. Therefore, a rapid and specific serological test would also improve the medical care of tuberculosis in children. This opens an additional research area where the assay developed during this thesis can serve as a promising research tool.