Abstract:
New immunotherapeutic treatment approaches to cancer are being investigated intensely. The development of an antibody therapy requires selection of appropriate antigens, identification of therapeutic active antibodies, and a mouse model to monitor effective therapeutic strategies in vivo. No specific targets or therapeutic antibodies are known for therapy optimization in rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) by now.
EGFR was selected as therapeutic target after gene expression analysis of RMS tissues and its expression was also demonstrated on RMS cell lines. An effective ADCC activity and lysis of RMS cells was shown in vitro with the EGFR-binding therapeutic antibody cetuximab. Binding specificity of monoclonal antibodies, made by immunization of mice with tissue extracts of pediatric tumors, was characterized to RMS cells and tissues. The antibody 58B1A2 stood out due to a high affinity to malignant RMS tumors. It’s unknown antigen was neither identified by western blotting nor by immunoprecipitation and following LC-MS-analysis. CD47 and calreticulin were modulated to achieve a broader recruitment of effector mechanisms by activating phagocytosis. A high intracellular expression in RMS cells and tissues was observed for both targets. A bioregulatory function of CD47 antibody by avoiding inhibition of phagocytosis was not verified for RMS. However, transport of macrophage activating protein calreticulin on the cell surface of RMS cells connected with an efficient phagocytosis in vitro was documented. In addition, different in vivo monitoring methods were established and evaluated for the metastatic mouse model of RMS. Determination of GLuc-activity in animal plasma has proven itself as qualitative parameter of tumor growth. In case of tumor localization, shortfalls were noticed in optical imaging using fluorescence and bioluminescence. Those were smoothed out in a PET/MRI-measurement with the radioactive tracer [18F]FLT.
The results gained in this doctoral thesis about immunotherapy with antibodies in RMS show promise. Besides, this preliminary work on metastatic mouse model support the further development of new treatment strategies.