Abstract:
The development of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) towards one of the most powerful techniques in clinical diagnosis is accompanied by progress in the design of paramagnetic contrast agents (CAs) to enhance imaging sensitivity. Most of the currently applied CAs for enhanced T1-contrast are based on gadolinium(III)-chelate-complexes and are mainly extracellular agents which only distribute non-specifically throughout the circulatory system and interstitial space. Since those agents are excreted easily and quite fast from the body, they are not suitable for targeting or long-term tracking applications. Therefore, nano-sized materials were developed and they are gaining increasing importance in medical diagnosis and treatments. Silica nanoparticles can serve as a matrix not only for Gd(III)-chelate-complexes, but also for vector- and sensor-biomolecules for targeting applications.
Spherical, non-porous and monodisperse silica nanoparticles with diameters of 50 - 100 nm were synthesised by means of the Stöber process. The surface of the bare particles was functionalised with carboxylic acid and amino groups, respectively, thus allowing to build peptide bonds with Gd(III)-chelate-complex systems and/or biomolecules. Lysine was introduced as bifunctional linker.
The materials were fully characterised after each synthetic step by DLS, SEM, DRIFT spectroscopy, NMR spectroscopy, thermogravimetry and zetapotential measurements. Surface concentrations of Gd(III)-complexes were determined by T1- and ICP-measurements. Furthermore, MR-images of Gd-containing materials were recorded with a 3T MRI scanner and in vitro and in vivo studies were performed.