Abstract:
In the last decades, great attention was devoted to the study of highly magnetised neutron stars. These compact objects are usually divided in Anomalous X-ray Pulsars (AXPs) and Soft Gamma Repeaters (SGRs). AXPs are characterised by a narrow spin period ($P\simeq 5-12$ secs) and high X-ray emission ($L\simeq 10^{36}-10^{44}$erg/s) while the SGRs, among other features, show huge peaks in their luminosity spectra, that could reach also $L\simeq 10^{46}erg/s$.
Such luminosity is associated with a huge release of energy that cannot be supported by rotational energy. It was then proposed that a huge magnetic field ($B>10^{14}$ Gauss) could provide the appropriate reservoir of energy for these events. In fact, such a strong magnetic field could apply an intense magnetic pressure to the crust and eventually could break it. The breaking of the crust, followed by a readjustment of the magnetic field, could release the energy observed during the giant peaks of SGRs. In addition, such mechanism could also explain the soft tail observed some seconds after the giant flare. In this tail, a carefully analysis shows the presence of quasi periodical oscillations (QPOs), with frequencies going from few Hz to kHz.
Here we proposed that the QPOs are Alfv\'en torsional oscillations, a type of oscillations generated and associate with the presence of a magnetic field.
In this thesis, we construct models of relativistic axisymmetric , non-rotating,
magnetised neutron stars constituted of a fluid core and a thin solid crust.
We derived the perturbation equations for these magnetar models and by using
a linear evolution code, we study the various patterns of oscillations for different configurations and strengths of the magnetic field.
We compare the frequencies found with the ones observed in the tail of the SGRs and we demonstrate that a magnetar model with specific solid crust and specific equation of state for the fluid core can explain all the observed frequencies. In this way we are able to constrain the parameters of the observed magnetars, such as the mass, the radius, the equation of state and the strength of the magnetic field.