Abstract:
In recent years, research on the human representation of number, its development, and its related capabilities (e.g., mental arithmetic) has flourished. A latest model of numerical processing, the Triple Code Model (Dehane & Cohen, 1995; 1997) is even quite explicit on the involved representations (i.e., visual number form, rote verbal knowledge, and an analogue magnitude representation) and their associated neural correlates. However, the dominating organizational principle of our Arabic number system, i.e., its place-value structure, has received much less interest. This is reflected by the lack of a systematic evaluation of the influence of the place-value structure of the Arabic number system on number processing. The current thesis aimed at making a first step towards a more elaborate understanding of place-value influences as regards its representation in adult number processing, its influence on the development of numerical representations as well as arithmetic capabilities, and its neuro-cognitive underpinnings. Consolidated evaluation of the results of the individual studies provided converging evidence that place-value constraints exhibit a task invariant influence on human numerical cognition and its development suggesting that (i) the mental number line is not analogue holistic in nature but incorporates place-value information as well, (ii) place-value processing seems to develop culture invariant but is nevertheless influenced by a language’s number word system, and (iii) on a neurofunctional level specific neural correlates of processing place-value information can be identified. Evidence for these conclusions comes from a variety of tasks administred to different populations and assessed using differing methodologies (including eye-tracking and fMRI). Taken together, the results obtained by the current thesis can be recapitulated as indicating a comprehensive, culture invariant but linguistically influenced and developmentally relevant influence of the place-value structure of the Arabic number system on human numerical cognition.