Abstract:
The activation of T cells in the immune system occurs via interactions of the T cell-receptors (TCR) with specfic complexes formed by MHC molecules and antigenic peptides on the surface of target cells, initiating a cascade of kinase-mediated protein phosphorylations. The resulting phosphotyrosine motifs enable the recruitment and activation of further enzymes.One example for this is the phosphorylation of the TCR/CD3-complex by the LCK kinase, followed by the recruitment of the ZAP-70 kinase. In concert of the TCR with costimuli such as CD28, cellular responses such as gene expression and contact-stabilizing rearrangements of the cytoskeleton are initiated.
Because of the importance of extracellular stimuli for the immune response there is a great interest in the development of analytical techniques enabling the quantitative analysis of cellular interactions and the underlying molecular processes and thus the integration of these events into signalling networks. Since the components involved in T cell activation are widely known, the next step would be the analysis of these events considering time dependence and signal intensities. In the first part of this thesis, T cell signalling pathways were analyzed on the morphological scale. Firstly, the sensitivity of a contact between a T cell and an anti-CD3 functionalized surface to an LCK inhibitor was analyzed at different time points. In the next step, the influence of inhibitors of different signalling proteins on cell adhesion and the activation of the transcription factor NFAT induced by stimulation was quantified in a microarray, in which cells were stimulated by different immobilization concentrations of anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 antibodies. Moreover, microstructured surfaces were employed to analyze the influence of local stimulation on the recruitment of signalling proteins. On the biological scale, peptide microarrays derived from protein-protein interaction motifs were used to analyze the stimulation-dependent formation of multiprotein complexes.