Abstract:
A modulatory role of neurotrophins (NTs) by pre- and post-synaptic mechanisms in processes of activity-dependent synaptic plasticity is now well established. The goal of the present study was to elucidate the spatial and temporal availability of NTs and to uncover the underlying mechanisms.
In order to detect NTs in a reproducible manner, they were overexpressed by either adenoviral or Sindbis viral vectors. Adenoviruses were preferred for the transduction of dissociated neurons, since neurons expressed transgenes without cytotoxic side effects for up to two weeks. The application of Sindbis viral vectors was more successful for a local gene transfer in hippocampal slice cultures, since these transduce neurons selectively.
In the second part of this study, the sites of NT secretion were identified with ultrastructural resolution. For this approach, the unique property of NT6myc to bind specifically to the heparan sulphate proteoglycans of the cell surface was exploited, since it adheres to the surface of neurons immediately after its release, where it can be detected by immunogold cytochemical methods. The KCl-induced NT6myc secretion mainly occurred from neurites. However, a site-specific secretion along neuritic substructures was not observed.
Additionally, the storage and release compartments of NTs were characterised. All examined NTs were equally distributed in hippocampal neurons: the immunoreactivity was accumulated in the soma and homogeneously distributed within the neurites in a patchy pattern. At the EM level, NTs were localised in smooth membrane structures of different shapes and sizes.
In the final part of this study, NT secretion was triggered by defined electrical stimuli in order to approach physiological stimulation patterns more closely, and to attain a higher temporal resolution of the stimuli.