Abstract:
The aims of the present study are twofold. On the one hand, it presents biographical material on Emily Hobhouse between 1899 and 1902 during the Boer War in South Africa. This serves to characterise a person who has been totally forgotten in Europe, despite the remarkable and memorable achievements of her lifetime. Thus Emily Hobhouse was the first British civilian to visit six concentration camps in South Africa and report on the conditions in these camps. She wrote a detailed account of this, published in London by Friars as Report of a Visit to the Camps of Women and Children in the Cape and Orange River Colonies (Hobhouse Report). This report set off a shock wave in Britain, and split the British population into supporters and opponents of the concentration camp system. The other aim of the present study is to examine the hypothesis of a great difference between the Hobhouse Report and the Fawcett Report, since Emily Hobhouse has to be considered independent, whereas the Fawcett Commission was commissioned by the British government and it can thus be inferred that it would positively misrepresent conditions in the camps. Both the Hobhouse Report and the Fawcett Report are accounts of conditions in the concentration camps during the Boer War from 1899-1902. There were four months between Emily Hobhouse’s visits to the concentration camps and that of the Ladies’ Commission. The Fawcett Report was a precise and compendious report on the conditions in the concentration camps. It surpassed the Hobhouse Report by its systematic application of 22 criteria of examination to each camp. Emily Hobhouse, in contrast, listed only the most glaring deficiencies. Both reports were critical; neither of them cast a favourable light on the concentration camp system. However, the two reports succeeded in bringing about important improvements in the concentration camps, and were thus both of value.