Abstract:
In some tests during pregnancy, only an MRI provides the necessary information for subsequent therapeutic planning.
Thus, an MRI is a great help and often indispensable, for example, in assessing the placenta and identifying abdominal or cerebral issues. Pelvic disease can also be excellently represented using MRI.
For some tests, a native MRI is not sufficient, making the application of paramagnetic contrast agents necessary.
The intravenously administered contrast agents cross the placenta and consequently also reach fetal circulation.
Thus far, very little is known about the effects of these contrast agents on the fetus, which gives rise to the occasion for this study.
The subject of the study is the effect of the two gadolinium-based contrast agents Omniscan® and MultiHance® and the manganese-based compound Teslascan® in the maximum permissible dose equivalent and multiples of five, ten and twenty times this dose.
Work was performed using human embryonic lung fibroblasts (Hel) and human endothelial cells from the umbilical cord (Huvec). The cells were incubated for 4 or 24 [hours] with the aforementioned contrast agents and then examined for their clonogenic activity (colony formation assay) and their ability to proliferate (proliferation kinetics).
Proliferation kinetics of lung fibroblasts:
Only Teslascan® in the tenfold dose exhibited a statistically significantly difference from the control. Unlike the contrast agents MultiHance® and Omniscan®, Teslascan® has an inhibitory effect on the proliferation kinetics of the lung fibroblasts.
Proliferation kinetics of umbilical cord cells:
Here, none of the three contrast agents demonstrated inhibitory effects on the growth of the cells.
Colony formation assay of lung fibroblasts:
After incubation with MultiHance® at a twenty-fold dose, a statistically significantly reduced colony-forming ability was able to be observed. The same held true after incubation of the cells with Teslascan® at a fivefold dose.
Colony formation assay of umbilical cord endothelial cells:
After incubation with Omniscan® at a twenty-fold dose, a statistically significantly lower number of colonies resulted.
This was also the case after incubation of the cells with Teslascan® at both ten and twenty times the concentration.
Since only very few studies have been completed on this issue and the results in previous studies as well as in the present one are ambiguous and sometimes contradictory, no definitive statements about the toxicity of MRI contrast agents for the fetus can be made. Consequently, additional research and studies are required in this field to clarify the issue. Until then, a strict diagnosis is recommended along with selecting the lowest possible dose of the contrast agent to be used.
The present study shows that the contrast agents that were studied have no toxic effects in the clinically used dose. A cell dependency is additionally indicated.
The results show that an MRI scan during pregnancy is quite feasible.