Abstract:
Hans von Hattingberg, born November 18, 1879 in Vienna, is associated today especially with the German Institute for Psychological Research and Psychotherapy (“Göring-Institut”) where he worked on the “Neue Deutsche Seelenheilkunde” and the development of “Thesen zur Neurosenlehre”. Interestingly though, until 1932 Hattingberg was rather a marginal figure in the circles of psychotherapists and was regarded by many as querulous and obstinate in his views. Many of his works were never published and only for a few did he receive acknowledgement. It was not until after the national socialists’ rise to power that Hattingberg rather quickly gained academic and public prominence and was offered prestigious positions and posts.
In this doctoral thesis, Hattingberg’s life and his scientific and popular works are discussed, especially his ambivalent attitude towards the growing influence of National Socialism and towards Freudian psychoanalysis.
Hattingberg grew up in Vienna as the eldest son of a protestant family of lawyers. In keeping with the family tradition, he studied law in Vienna after his A-levels and also worked in that profession for a few years, but already showed a keen interest in psychology. Influenced by August Forel, he decided to study medicine at the age of 27. Early on he focused on psychotherapy and after receiving his licence to practise medicine in 1913, he settled as a neurologist in Munich. It was there that he first came into contact with psychoanalysis. During World War I, Hattingberg gained experience with the psychocathartic therapy of war neuroses in military hospitals at the eastern front lines. After the war, he dedicated himself to the critical examination of psychoanalysis, with an unfavourable conclusion, which meant that from 1921 on he met with increasing disapproval from Freud and his circle. In 1932, Hattingberg took a chance on a fresh start in Berlin where his career immediately prospered: He took up a post as lecturer for psychotherapy at the Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität and in 1933 was a founding member of the German General Medical Society for Psychotherapy. In 1936, he was involved in the founding of the German Institute for Psychological Research and Psychotherapy and became head of the research department there in 1939. In that position, Hattenberg's academic focus was on the “Neue Deutsche Seelenheilkunde” and the “Thesen zur Neurosenlehre”, but also on his personal favourites, the topics love, marriage and problems of female emancipation. Hattingberg died in Berlin in 1944.
Throughout his life, Hattingberg’s position towards Freudian psychoanalysis remained ambivalent; despite his admiration for Freud himself Hattingberg rejected Freud's “libido theory” and his views on the significance of sexuality in psychoanalysis. However, Hattingberg cannot be affiliated with any other particular school of thought, either. He neither claimed to belong to a certain school nor does his work suggest an affiliation. Rather, the union of different psychotherapeutic schools was always one of his central concerns. Hattingberg's attitude towards National Socialism was also ambivalent. On the one hand, he adapted to the current circumstances and with the thoughts developed in the “Neue Deutsche Seelenheilkunde” even provided the political system with scientific justifications for their ideology. On the other hand, Hattingberg never joined the ruling party, the NSDAP, and in lectures and personal comments he kept his critical distance towards the Nazi regime.