Abstract:
UVB radiation is the fraction of sun light with highest energy hitting earth´s surface. UVB is able to penetrate human dermis and to damage DNA of subjacent cells. Consequently, UVB can promote skin tumor formation and increase skin aging by inducing cell differentiation. However, the cell response upon UVB radiation is not understood in detail and further efforts should be undertaken to elucidate these molecular processes. In this context the Bowman-Birk proteinase inhibitor (BBI) may be helpful. BBI treatment of normal skin fibroblasts increased cellular survival following UVB irradiation, significantly. However, the radio-protective effect was detected only with doses above 20 J/m2. BBI acted as radio-protector measuring population doublings of mass cultures and colony formation of normal fibroblasts. To characterize the mode of action of BBI, we analyzed the extent of apoptosis induction following UVB irradiation. We found out, that BBI did not change extent of apoptosis, but reduced fibroblast cell differentiation. BBI pretreatment induced a more pronounced G1-phase cell cycle block associated with an increased fraction of S-phase cells at time point 24 h after UVB irradiation. Thus we hypothesize that an improved DNA-repair, due to an intensified cell cycle block, results in improved cell survival after irradiation and pretreatment with BBI. To elucidate the molecular mode of the radio-protective effect of BBI, we analyzed TP53 expression and stabilization during the pre-treatment phase with BBI. BBI treatment induced protein stabilization of the transcription factor TP53 and increased expression of p21 protein, subsequently. In addition, expression of the genes ERCC3, Ligase I and TP53 were increased also. Concomitantly, we observed a more efficient nucleotide excision repair which enables cells to reenter S-phase of cell cycle to a higher extent. In summary, results described herein, help to understand the molecular cell reaction in response to UVB irradiation and characterized BBI as a radio-protector which stimulates repair of UVB induced DNA-damages.