Abstract:
Objectives:
Since its discovery Interleukin-17 (IL-17) has been described as a cytokine mainly secreted by T-helpers cells, so called Th17 cells. Recently data has been published discussing also other cell types capable to secrete IL-17. In this study we evaluated PMBC of 20 rheumatoide arthritis (RA) patients and 20 healthy donors in regard to the secretion of IL-17. Aim of this study was the identification of IL-17 secreting cell population and their response to different stimulations.
Methods:
Lymphocytes of 20 RA-patients and 20 healthy donors have been isolated. Lymphocytes have been stimulated with PMA/Ionomycin, PHA and medium as a control for 20 h. After 2h Brefeldin A was added to block cytokine secretion. Incubation was followed by labelling with fluorescence conjugated antibodies against CD3, CD4, CD8, CD25, CD28, CD56, IFN-gamma , IL-17 and EMA fluorescence for exclusion of dead cells. Flow cytometry was performed on a LSR II (BectonDickinson) and the results were analysed with FlowJo software. GraphPad Prism was used for statistical analysis.
Results:
As the main source of IL-17 CD3+/CD4+ T-helper-cells were identified. Besides also CD3+/CD8+ cytotoxic T-cells and CD3+/CD4+/CD8+ cells stained positive for IL-17. Especially the CD3+/CD4+/CD8+ double positive showed a IL-17 fraction. Moreover CD3- cells, including CD3-/CD4+, CD3-/CD8+ cells and CD3-/CD56+ NK-cells were identified as a source of IL-17. In particular the CD3-/CD4+ population showed a large share in IL-17+ cells, being significantly higher in RA-patients compared to healthy controls. It was only in this population where significant differences between RA-patients and healthy controls could be found. Only in CD3-/CD4+ and CD3+/CD4+/CD8+ cells IFN-gamma/IL-17 double positive cells were found in unstimulated cells. After stimulation with PMA/Ionomycin and PHA CD3+ populations showed significant higher fractions of IL-17 compared to unstimulated controls. While CD3- cells of healthy controls showed a larger portion of IL-17+ cells in response to unspecific PMA/Ionomycin stimulation, CD3- cells of RA-patients didn't. In contrary T-cell specific stimulation with PHA lead to significant lower IL-17 fractions of CD3- cells compared to unstimulated controls.
Conclussion:
This studied showed that IL-17 can also be secreted by cells other than CD4+ T-helper cells such as CD3+/CD8+ cytotoxic T-cells, CD3+/CD4+/CD8+ cells, CD3-/CD4+, CD3-/CD8+ cells and CD3-/CD56+ NK-cells. As populations with a high fraction of IL-17 CD3-/CD4+ and CD3+/CD4+/CD8+ cells were identified. Further studies are needed to discribe those IL-17 producing CD3- non-T-cells.