Abstract:
Nebivolol in contrast to metoprolol is a highly selective beta1-adrenergic receptor antagonist with nitric oxide (NO) mediated vasodilating properties. NO is considered to work antiatherogen. For this reason nebivolol could be of special advantage in the prevention of atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of beta-receptor antagonism with nebivolol and metoprolol on inflammatory mediators in cholesterol-fed rabbits.
24 New-Zealand-White-rabbits (NZW) received a standard-diet for 2 weeks, following 8 weeks of 1% and 5 weeks of 0,5% cholesterol-rich diet alone (controls) or mixed with nebivolol (10-35 mg/kg per day) or metoprolol (20-60 mg/kg per day). We examined endothelium-dependent vasodilatation, plaque development and cellular formation in the aortic arch, mRNA-expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in the carotid arteries by real-time RT-PCR, as well as CRP- and interleukin-8 (IL-8) levels in systemic circulation by ELISA.
Treatment with nebivolol showed a significant prolonged survival compared with control-animals, while it did not reach statistical significance in rabbits treated with metoprolol. Nebivolol reduced leukocyte count, IL-8 and CRP concentrations in plasma, VCAM-1 and CRP-mRNA expression in the carotid arteries, development of atherosclerosis, expressed as computer-assisted imaging analysis of aortic area covered by lesions and intima-media-ratio, as well as expression of heat shock proteins (HSP) 40 and 70 compared with control-animals. Moreover nebivolol induced a consistent decrease of macrophage accumulation in the atherosclerotic plaque compared with control animals and those receiving metoprolol. Neither nebivolol nor metoprolol did affect endothelium-dependent vasodilatation. Treatment with metoprolol did only affect decreased expression of HSP 40, HSP 70 in aortic plaques and VCAM-1- and CRP-mRNA in carotid arteries compared with control-animals.
These anti-inflammatory properties suggest that especially the NO-releasing beta-blocker nebivolol might represent an effective pharmacological approach for preventing atherosclerosis.