Abstract:
The medication of adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder has been under controversal discussion. Psychostimulant medication, which is the most common treatment for children, is not approved for the treatment of adult ADHD and may have abuse potential. Yet the stimulants are described as viable first-choice strategy.
The objective here was to evaluate the efficacy of methylphenidate, a stimulant, in comparison with atomoxetine, a noradrenergic antidepressant which is approved by the FDA (Food and Drug Administration) for the treatment of adult ADHD, through systematic review of the available literature. Searches of Medline, Pubmed, Web Of Science, PsycINFO and the reference section of each article obtained were performed looking for randomized, controlled trials involving one or both medications in adult ADHD. The identified studies were systematically evaluated.
Ten trials using methylphenidate (524 patients) and three studies using atomoxetine (558 patients) met the inclusion criteria. The results of the studies involving methylphenidate are inconsistent, possibly due to methodologic reasons, but indicate efficacy. The trials of atomoxetine give more consistent data and show the efficacy of the medication.
The available literature documents positive effects of both medications for the treatment of adult ADHD, better and more consistently shown for atomoxetine. More research is needed providing data on direct comparison of the two medications and data on long-term efficacy of each of them. Atomoxetine must be thought of as an alternative to methylphenidate as first-line treatment for adult ADHD.