Abstract:
The development of immune activating therapies is an important field in cancer research. This thesis evaluated two new approaches. On the one hand, the response of antigen specific T cells after vaccination with peptide-pulsed dendritic cells was evaluated in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma. Second, the activation of an antitumoral immune response induced by radiofrequency ablation of primary and secondary tumors in liver, kidney and lung cancer was detected. Hitherto, the activity of cytotoxic T cells and the expression of heat shock proteins (HSP70, gp96) and other alarm signals (uric acid) of the immune system was measured.
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and serum were isolated from patient samples for in vitro testing. All samples were obtained at defined time points.
The serum of levels of HSP70 were detected using a specific ELISA, uric acid serum levels were measured using the standard protocol of the central laboratory facility of the university hospital Tuebingen, Germany.
The PBMCs were stimulated in vitro with synthetic peptide known to be expressed either on MHC-class-I molecules on tumor cells of a certain carcinoma (radiofrequency ablation) or with the peptides loaded onto dendritic cells used for vaccination. IFN-production was detected using RT-PCR, intracellular IFN-Staining and ELISPOT. Also, specific MHC-class-I tetramers were used to detect antigen specific cells directly.
One of 9 vaccinated patients showed an increased activity of antigen specific T cells after several vaccinations.
In 8 of 15 patients treated with radiofrequency ablation an increased IFN-production of specific T cells could be detected. None of 51 patients showed an increased serum level of uric acid one day after ablation. However, in about half of 24 patients an at the minimum 2-fold elevated level of HSP70 could be measured 24 hours after treatment. In a control group of patients with liver biopsy these elevated serum levels could not be detected.
These results show the induction of an antigen specific immune response induced by both of the approaches. In principle, the vaccination with peptide pulsed dendritic cells could lead to an increase in activity of cytotoxic T cells.
Radiofrequency ablation induces the systemic release of alarm signals and to the induction of an antigen specific T cell response. These results document an additive positive effect of radiofrequency ablation secondary to the treatment of localized lesions.