Abstract:
The allocation of kidney transplants has been coordinated by the Dutch Foundation EUROTRANSPLANT since the end of the Sixties. From September 1968 to January 2004 190 EUROTRANSPLANT-Newsletters were published, containing most of the relevant data, on which this study is based. Within this very period, the evolution of algorithms for the allocation of kidney transplants was influenced by political and social developments in Germany and Europe, as well as by the progress in sciences, concerned with immunosupression, histocompatibility-testing, organ-preservation, IT and data-management. By consequence, considered retrospectively, this has lead to a pragmatic and reactive, rather than to a linear and constructive enhancement of allocation procedures. Although for medical reasons histocompatibility has been dominating the selection process right from the beginning, the range of additional criteria has grown continuously, both in range and impact. The complexity of today´s multidimensional allocation-algorithms now allows respecting the needs and demands of many minorities within a more and more heterogenic waiting list.
After an early experimental period, motives like urgency, the economy of transplant centres and the stability of the EUROTRANSPLANT-memberships - besides the traditional major ethical conflict between utilitarism and equality - finally triggered a conceptionally active decade, based on the establishment of essential key-techologies. Only few years before the Millenium, results from countless pro-active computer-simulations revolutionized the allocation-algorithms of EUROTRANSPLANT in a way, even complying with the demands of several different national transplantation legislations. The number of necessary and urgent alterations has diminished since.
However, no matter how differentiated an allocation system will ever be, it will hardly overcome the key-problem: the very lack of kidney transplants.