Abstract:
Patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) often have hospital stays and frequent antibiotic therapies and therefore they are a risk group for clostridium difficile (CD)-infections. Although, according to older studies, CF-patients show no increased incidence of symptomatic CD-infections, there were repeatedly reports of serious, and partly atypical (i.e. without diarrhoe and variable abdominal symptomatic) developments of CD-infections. In addition CF-patients often show colonic wall-thickening, the pathogenetic mechanism of which is still unclear and possibly is connected with CD-infection. This study means to investigate the prevalence of CD in the stool of CF-patients and the clinical relevance of CD-infection as well as specific effects of the illness to the bowel of CF-patients.
A cross-sectional-study was made to determine on the one hand the prevalence of CD-lines and CD-toxin excretion in faeces in comparison to earlier studies and other risk-patients of the same ward. On the other hand possible clinical symptoms associated by CD-infection and risk-factors for CD-infection were recorded. In a long-sectional-study within two years the frequency of CD-associated colitis during antibiotic treatment was determined.
65 patients of the CF-ambulance in Tübingen took part in the cross-sectional-study. In comparison to a control-group (29 patients of the haemato-oncologic ambulance in Tübingen) they showed a significantly higher prevalence of CD (63% vs.7%). It turned out that with increasing age the rate of colonisation decreased (>80% in the first year of life to 25% in the 18th year of life). The very high CD-prevalence could be observed independently of any current antibiotic therapy and in-patient stay in hospital during the last two years. Additionally the influence of antibiotics was investigated in more detail in a long-sectional-study in 19 patients: remarkably the CD-colonisation rate was relatively constant even under antibiotic treatment, though in a control-period after antibiotic supplementation a little increase of toxigenic CD-lines was recognized. No beneficial influence of antibiotic cycles and toxin expression could be ascertained.
Amazingly patients with restricted lung function show a significantly higher prevalence of CD than patients with good lung function. In patients who have had a "distal intestinal obstruction syndrome" (DIOS) in the past, CD-toxin expression could be seen more frequently than in patients without a DIOS in the past. There couldn't be seen any correlation between history of meconium ileus and detection of CD respectively toxin expression. The bowel wall thickening of the colon, caecum and terminal ileum, which could be traced sonographically in a majority of the patients didn't correlate with CD-colonisation or toxin expression.
There couldn't be seen any significant correlation between gastrointestinal complaints and colonisation with toxigenic CD or toxin expression. However there was a tendency for increasing complaints with arising detection of CD.
The clinical relevance of a infection with CD in a patient with cystic fibrosis seems to be rather low. The high prevalence of CD therefore doesn't constitute a higher risk of a manifest clinical disease in CF.