Abstract:
For diagnosis of primary and reactivated cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, quantitative PCR assays has been shown to be a valuable tool determing the severity of an infection, predicting the risk of a patient developing disease and monitoring preemptive antiviral therapy. The aim of this study was to develop a sensitive, rapid and inexpensive quantitatve PCR using the LightCycler and to compare the quantification of CMV-DNA in human blood assessed with this test to the results obtained with a previously described LightCycler assay (Schaade et al., 2000), the commercially available COBAS Amplicor CMV Monitor test (CMM) and a qualitative CMV-PCR (in-house PCR).
Methods
At first 392 samples extracted from blood of 45 patients after allogenic bone marrow transplantation were tested in a qualitative CMV-PCR (in-house PCR) and the quantiative PCR performed on a prospective routine basis (CMM), amplifying the DNA polymerase gene of CMV. Based on the results CMV positive (n=64) and –negative DNA samples (n=36) were randomly selected. After that each sample was quantified by a newly developed LightCycler-PCR, amplifying a 146 bp region of the 4th exon of the CMV-immediate early 1 gene (LC A) and compared to a LightCycler assay amplifying a defined region on the glycoproteine B gene (LC B).
Results
The newly developed LightCycler assay (LC A) showed a sensitivity of 250 genome equivalents (GE) and a linearity between 250 und 2,5x105 GE. Comparing 64 samples which were CMV positive 44 samples were also positive by LC A and 48 by LC B.
The viral load detected by LC A ranged from 250 GE to 6,9x105 GE, by LC B from 250 GE to 5,4x105 GE and by CMM from 400 GE to 2,1x105 GE. The median CMV load was 1199 GE in LC A, 2100 GE in LC B and 5990 GE in CMM.
Comparing the 25 patinets which were CMV positive in CMM, 24 were also positive by LC A.
Conclusion
This new LightCycler (LC A) assay offers a rapid, sensitive and cost-effective tool for the quantification of the CMV load in blood of patients after allogenic bone marrow transplantation. However, compared to a semi-quantitative in-house PCR and to COBAS Amplicor CMV Monitor, the new LightCycler assay (LC A) showed a significantly lower sensitivity.