Abstract:
Background: Nosocomial infections of enterococci are an increasing threat for ICU patients and immunocompromised patients. The mortality of enterococcal sepsis was described previously more than 40 % and treatment is often difficult due to multiple antibiotic resistance amongst enterococci. The increasing occurence of multidrug-resistant enterococcal strains requires a change of view and the development of possible alternatives. The enterococcal surface protein Aggregation Substance (AS) mediates a transfer of (resistance-) plasmids and was identified as a virulence factor. We developed an animal-model and examined whether antibodies against AS could have a therapeutic benefit. Methods: The protective effect of immune rabbit serum (IRS) was compared to native rabbit sera (NRS) and a saline control group in a mouse sepsis model. As control of success we checked the mice sera for antibody titers, using an ELISA. Infection was performed with mutants of E. faecalis INY3000 pINY1801 (AS positive) and INY3000 pWM401 (AS negative, otherwise genetically identic). Then we performed active immunizations against AS. We compared this group to a control group receiving bovine serum albumine (BSA) intravenously, and a saline control group. Results: In the first trials we made sure that the different mutants of E. faecalis grew to the same degree in the different organs of mice in all groups, and that there were no interfering factors like the killing of bacteria by repeated freezing or by clumping reactions. All mice of the IRS group had a mean of IgG antibody titer against AS of 1:20000 +/- 8000. After the infection of mice with 6,4 x 107 to 1,8 x 109 enterococci of the AS positive mutant of E. faecalis, weight loss of mice in the IRS group was significantly lower (97,9+/-3,6 %, in percent of the initial weight +/- mean, n=35) than in the other groups (NRS 95,3+/-2,9 %, p=0,0364, saline 93,3+/-3,3 %, p=0,0004, ANOVA, n=35 each). The number of enterococci in the kidneys of the IRS group was significantly lower than in the NRS group (p=0,0331, ANOVA). When passively immunized and infected with the AS negative mutant of E. faecalis, no significant differences could be detected. When actively immunized, a mean of IgG antibody titers against AS of 1:150000 +/- 190000 was detected. Here, we observed a significant reduction of enterococci in the kidneys of the immunized animals in comparison to the saline group (p=0,05, ANOVA, n=30 each). Weight loss was not different significantly. Conclusion: Antisera against AS show a protective effect in our mouse sepsis model. Our results point to the possibility of an addition to antibiotic treatment, as an adjuvant immunotherapy in the prevention and therapy of severe enterococcal sepsis.