Abstract:
Adoptive transfer of T-cells from allogeneic donors is limited due to the risk of graft-versus-host disease. The depletion of alloreactive T-Lymphocytes in immunotherapy is an essential tool to prevent Graft-versus-Host-disease. Furthermore generating immunocompetent non-alloreactive T-Lymphocytes is important to prevent immunodeficiency, early after transplantation.
Alloreactive T-cells were activated by a modified MLC using INFgamma and TNFalpha activated stimulator cells. Afterward they were exposed to a low dose of the folate antagonist methotrexate (10 µmol) and subsequently cultured in drug-free medium in the presence of folinic acid. We report here, that MTX induced apoptosis of in-vitro allo-activated T-cells from human peripheral blood. Apoptosis was almost completely abrogated by addition of folinic acid.
The depletion of alloreactive T-cells by MTX in the presence of folinic acid could be demonstrated in a secondary MLC were Thymidin uptake was sufficiently reduced upon stimulation with originally stimulator cells, while a moderate reactivity against third party cells, PHA and tetanus toxoid could be shown. In a cytotoxic assay, we presented, that the lytic potential of cytotoxic T-cells was diminished, while cytotoxic reactivity against third party target cells was retained. We also explored another possibility of selectively eliminating alloreactive T-cells by the CD95/CD95L-mediated activation induced cell death (AICD).
Alloreactive T-cells were therefore activated under the same conditions as previously described and incubated with an agonistic monoclonal antibody (mAb) under co-culture with IL-2. Substantial decrease of almost 80% of proliferative response by activated alloreactive T-cells was achieved. The residual T -cells recovered well and showed specific reactivity against third party cells, PHA and tetanus toxoid. In addition the lytic response by alloreactive T-cells was also highly reduced, whereas specific lysis of third party target cells could be prevented.
The most efficient depletion of alloreactive T -cells was achieved by the immuno-magnetic depletion, using the MACS device with monoclonal antibodies against CD25, CD69 and HLA-DR. The Thymidin uptake was strongly reduced in the negative fraction after depletion, upon stimulation with former stimulator cells, unfortunately residual T-cells did not well recover and elicted only a weak proliferative response against third party, PHA and tetanus toxoid.
Conclusion: All of the investigated methods demonstrated here were able to eliminate alloreactive T-cells from allogeneic T-cells sufficiently. The most effective depletion was achieved by the immuno-magnetic depletion. The results presented suggest , that of all three methods, only the induction of AICD in alloreactive T-cells could generate a moderate number of non-alloreactive T-cells with an anti-viral activity, suitable for cellular immunotherapy after haplo-identical transplantation, while preventing GvHD.