Abstract:
This work`s aim was the developement of a molecularbiological method for the specifical detection of DNA of the dimorphic fungus Coccidioides posadasii. It causes the exclusivly in desert regions on the american continent endemic coccidioidomycosis. Diagnosis of this, occasionally to europe imported, systemmycosis is limited to immunodiagnostic tests and culture. Besides the method`s modest sensitivity, culture is also limited because C. posadasii is extremely infectious and culture is restricted to laboratories of the biosafety level 3. Precondition for the development of a PCR was thus to proof, the used method does not only extract DNA successfully, but also the material was certain no more infective. Suspensions of 10 different C. posadasii strains were created under definite safety instructions and treated after a modified kommercial DNA extraction procedure. In order to destruct the cell walls, three cycles of freezing in fluid nitrogen and boiling were added. The parallel treated suspensions were cultivated again after every step to proof or exclude vitality and thus infectiousity. Fungi were only cultivated from suspensions, which were untreated, whereas all the other cultures remained sterile. Thus could be proofed, that at least three steps of the extraction procedure and each of them alone, eliminate infectiousity sufficiently.
Thereupon, recording to this procedure, DNA of 120 clinical isolates of C. posadasii of the endemic region Monterrey in Mexico was extracted. Additionally, tissue probes were examined, in which microscopically either coccidioidomycosis or another sistemic fungal disease were identified.
The target sequenz of the PCR assay was chosen within a gene encoding the specific 'antigen2/proline-rich antigen' (Ag2/PRA). The product of first PCR has a length of 526 basepairs, the nested PCR-product consists of 342 nucleotides. The LightCycler hybridization probes are complimentary to the nucleotide regions within the nested PCR-product. Both PCR assays amplified DNA of all 120 strains, whereas DNA of other stains of different fungal geni could not be amplified. Sequencing of the 527-bp product obtained from 35 strains demonstrated either a complete identity the sequence in GenBank database (accession number AF013256), or an exchange of cytosine to guanosine at position 1228. Besides the PCR assay`s high specifity, sensitivity could be determined for the conventional nested PCR assay, which demonstrated a detection limit of 1 fg.
The two spezies of the genus Coccidioides are decided by two microsatellie-containing loci (GAC and 621.1). 117 of 120 strains could be identified as C. posadasii.
The conventional nested PCR could amplify a specific product from three biopsie positive for spherules by microscopy, whereas no product was amplified from DNA extracted from samples positive for other dimorphic fungi. The diagnostic potential of the newly established assay for detection of Coccidioides ssp. remains to be evaluated in further research projects.