Abstract:
Detection and quantification of cytokines under pathological conditions is essential for the assessment of specific immune responses. Recently, real-time RT-PCR has become a major tool for quantifying cytokine gene expression levels. Because it is easy to perform and provides high sensitivity, specifity and reproducibility, the method is increasingly used to determine the amount of cytokine mRNA in different settings and clinical materials.
Here, the LightCycler Instrument was used to perform the real-time RT-PCR, and one universal PCR mixture and a unique PCR protocol were developed for absolute quantification of mRNA expression levels of the following cytokine target genes:
IL-4, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL-18, TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma. These cytokines play an important role in the pathophysiology of complications after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT). For each specific cytokine target external standards were prepared to enable absolute quantification.
The method was then evaluated performing repeated runs in the LightCycler RT-PCR with the external standards. Compared to other real-time RT-PCR assays similar reproducibility as well as high sensitivity was achieved (detection limit IL-4, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma: 100 copies; IL-12, IL-18: 1000 copies). Moreover, the use of hybridization probes permits high specific PCR-product-detection. Both with the high-throughput (25 samples/48min) and the wide range of cytokine targets the developed assay results in an efficient method for cytokine profiling. Furthermore, after in vitro stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and performing the LightCycler assay, normalization of the results to the housekeeping gene h-beta2-microglobulin was demonstrated. However, in different experimental conditions another suitable housekeeping gene has to be established an evaluated. At least, the alternative normalization to the total RNA concentration or cell number must be taken into account.
The assay is now used for investigation of complications after allogeneic SCT and further enables to confirm representative data from DNA chip experiments concerning the cytokine gene expression. Finally, the method can be easily and rapidly adapted to new RNA target molecules such as other cytokines, cytokine-receptors and many more mediators of interest in the cytokine network.