Abstract:
Rölinghoff, Barbara
Investigations into the prevention of graft-versus-host disease in a mouse model by the use of new, synthetic peptides
Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a potentially fatal complication if it arises after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Not only the acute form of GVHD, but also the chronical form represents a T-cell mediated reaction against targeted tissue of the recipient. In the present experimental study, a model investigation was carried out to determine whether GVHD can be prevented in the mouse model by targeted modulation of the T-cell recognition process. The application of predictive, allele-specific peptides of various lengths with high affinity for class II MHC molecules allowed a close examination of the effects on antigen recognition in the mouse model, the possible steric effects and the resulting blockade of the GVHD response. In addition, the possible influences on GVHD enhanced by superantigens could be determined by the application of bifunctional peptides.
GVHD was induced by the transplantation of bone marrow stem cells and spleen cells from a minor histocompatibility antigen (mHAg)-incompatible mouse strain (B10.D2Balb/c). Autologous transplanted mice (Balb/cBalb/c) were used as controls. No effect could be determined after the application of a nonspecifically binding negative control, nor a blank control. The randomised copolymer GLAT was used as a comparative peptide: the inhibitory effects of GLAT on the induction of GVHD have already been documented in previous studies. The extent of GVHD was assessed macroscopically after the first appearance of clinical symptoms in the transplanted animals. Histological specimens taken from the ileum, colon and skin were subsequently cut into frozen sections and stained using the ABC-immunoperoxidase technique. The expression of GVHD-associated molecules was analysed in the sections both semi-quantitatively and computer-assisted.
The in-vivo data obtained in the present study are consistent with the working hypothesis: because of their high affinity for class II MHC molecules (H-2d), the allele-specific peptides in use indeed prevent antigen presentation. By applying such peptides over a certain length of time after transplantation, the induction of GVHD targeted against minor antigens in the mouse model can be clearly reduced. Results obtained with the CLIP (16 amino acids in length), Cop-CLIP 10 (36 AA in length) and APE 20 (56 AA in length) peptides demonstrate that the effectivity of GVHD-prevention correlates positively with the length of the applied peptides. In addition to an interaction of these peptides with the T-cell MHC class II antigen recognition process, steric effects are probably also involved. The application of the peptide APE-Spacer-TCR, which is not only presumed to be involved in the interaction with class II MHC molecules, but also in interactions with superantigen-mediated processes, revealed the greatest effectivity in the prevention of GVHD that is induced via minor antigens and enhanced by Mtv-coded superantigens. Even though a mode of action could not be demonstrated unequivocally, on the basis of the data presented here it is certainly feasible that this peptide unfolds its effect bifunctionally and is thus able to reduce the extent of GVHD considerably. The data obtained here in the mouse model of GVHD lead to new insights into a targeted modulation of the T-cell mediated immune response and should therefore provide an impulse for the development of new therapeutic methods in the prevention of GVHD.