Abstract:
Adenoviruses are common pathogens, causing a number of infectious diseases. They have been found in virtually all human organs, producing symptoms that range from the common cold to pneumonia (Hakim and Tleyjeh, 2008). Additionally, they also cause a variety of clinical symptoms, for example epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC), pharyngoconjunctival fever (PCF), infantile gastroenteritis, cystitis and urinary tract infections. Individuals with poorly functioning immune systems are especially prone to severe and life-threatening infections. Among these are persons infected with HIV, or organ transplant patients (Hoffman, 2006). In 1977 Philip Sharp and Richard Roberts discovered the ability of Adenoviruses to split genes (e.g. splicing), and they were in 1993 awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine for their discovery. Today, Adenoviruses are mostly studied for the ability to be used as delivery vehicles in gene therapy. About 25% of all clinical gene therapy trials are performed with Adenovirus-based vectors, making Adenoviruses the largest group (Edelstein et al., 2007). In this thesis we exclusively studied Adenoviruses binding to the cellular receptor CD46, characterizing the interaction at an atomic level. We experimentally connected structure and function, defining the Adenovirus interaction with CD46. The structures presented in this thesis will have implications for future drug design, focusing on reducing complications due to Adenoviruses during organ transplantation. Furthermore, our findings will significantly improve general knowledge of Adenovirus:receptor interactions, which will facilitate the development of more efficient gene delivery vehicles.