Abstract:
Due to its readily accessible tetravalent oxidation state, the element cerium occupies a special position within the rare-earth metal series (Sc, Y, La-Lu). Even though organometallic cerium redox chemistry has gained a lot of interest in the past years, it offers still enigmas in its chemistry, which need to be solved.
At first, the literature-known synthesis for ceric amide complex [Ce{N(SiHMe2)2}4], a versatile precursor for the synthesis of homoleptic CeIV compounds, was investigated. Separation of the Li cation in ate-complex [Ce{N(SiHMe2)2}4Li(thf)] by introducing donor molecules (d) other than THF, and subsequent oxidation of the resulting complexes [Ce{N(SiHMe2)2}4][Li(do)x] with 1,4-benzoquinone, leads to a cleaner product in higher yields than the previously known syntheses.
Further, the investigation of tetravalent hydroquinolato-bridged cerium compounds of the composition [(CeL3)2(µ-O2C6R4)] were of interest. Therefore, homoleptic trivalent cerium precursors were oxidized with 1,4-benzoquinone derivatives. After successful oxidation, the isolated compounds were electrochemically examined in their stabilization of the tetravalent oxidation state. Using CeIII siloxides as precursors together with tetramethyl-1,4-benzoquinone, the isolation and characterization of cerous semiquinolato complexes [(CeL2(thf)2)2(µ O2C6Me4)2] (L = OSi(OtBu)3 or OSiiPr3) was feasible.
Lastly, the reactivity of both homoleptic CeIII and CeIV dimethyl pyrazolates [Ce4(Me2pz)12] and [Ce(Me2pz)4]2 as well as silica grafted rare-earth-metal pyrazolates toward CO2 was examined, showing the reversible insertion of carbon dioxide into the Ce−N(Me2pz) bond. Molecular CO2-inserted products [Ce4(Me2pz∙CO2)12] and [Ce(Me2pz∙CO2)4] were synthesized and investigated in reversibility of the CO2 insertion in solution and the solid state. For the hybrid materials, a reversible CO2 uptake of up to 20 wt% has been observed in the solid state. Both complexes as well as the hybrid materials showed catalytic activity in cycloaddition reactions of carbon dioxide and epoxides. Especially ceric [Ce(Me2pz)4]2 exhibited good turnover numbers for less sterically demanding epoxides, even under mild conditions. Further, also for sterically demanding as well as internal epoxides, it showed good turnover numbers at elevated temperatures and CO2 pressures as well. While silica grafted-hybrid materials did not increase the catalytic activity, the reusability was tremendously affected.