Focus Particles and Extraction – An Experimental Investigation of German and English Focus Particles in Constructions with Leftward Association

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URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10900/97239
http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:21-dspace-972396
http://dx.doi.org/10.15496/publikation-38622
Dokumentart: PhDThesis
Date: 2020-01-21
Language: English
Faculty: 5 Philosophische Fakultät
Department: Allgemeine u. vergleichende Sprachwissenschaft
Advisor: Winkler, Susanne (Prof. Dr.)
Day of Oral Examination: 2018-07-13
DDC Classifikation: 400 - Language and Linguistics
420 - English and Old English
430 - Germanic languages; German
Keywords: Linguistik , Gradpartikel , Experimentelle Linguistik , Informationsstruktur , Syntax , Prosodie , Ambiguität , Emphase , Englisch , Deutsch , Pragmatik
Other Keywords: Linksassoziierung
Akzeptabilitätsstudien
Kontext
nur
sogar
Alltagssprache
Fokus
Sprecherevaluation
focus particles
information structure
only
even
prosody
emphasis
focus
linguistics
ambiguity
English
German
everyday language
extraction
leftward association
cognitive prominence
speaker evaluation
acceptability judgment studies
context
pragmatics
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Abstract:

In my dissertation on leftward association of English and German focus particles, I investigate the following overall research questions: How strong is the c-command relation between focus particles and their associated focus? Is their relation fixed or are there factors which can license leftward association? In my study, I focus on the English particles "only" and "even" and the corresponding German particles "nur" and "sogar". These particles preferably c-command their associated focus constituent (as in "Only SAM will eat chocolate). It is controversial in the literature how strong this c-command relation is and whether leftward association of these particles is acceptable (as in "SAM will only eat chocolate"). To my knowledge, my study provides the first experimental investigation dealing with this phenomenon. In the analysis of examples from everyday language and in various acceptability judgment studies, I identified the following factors which license leftward association of the German particles under consideration: (i) prosody, (ii) speaker evaluation, and (iii) special emphasis. I conclude that the c-command relation between focus particles and their associated focus is strong but not fixed in such a way that leftward association is impossible, as there are factors which improve and license this construction. Moreover, German examples I collected from spontaneous speech provide evidence that leftward association of the German particles under consideration occurs in spoken language. I base my explanations of the data on theories dealing with emphatic syntactic constructions and on theories dealing with salience and cognitive prominence. I propose an account which combines information structure, pragmatics, and processing.

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