Abstract:
Despite different therapeutic approaches, cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide.
Therefore, new therapies, like immunotherapy, are being developed to cure cancer. All
immunotherapies have in common that they need targets to recognize malignant cells. Both
the malignant and the benign immunopeptidome have to be examined, to define these new
targets. We herein present a large immunopeptidome dataset of benign tissues containing multiple
tissue types from different individuals. Moreover, we introduce the HLA Ligand Atlas, a
web-interface we developed to accompany the data. It provides user-friendly access to the data,
a fast, interactive search option which can be used to search for tissue specific HLA-peptides,
and provides common statistics to the user.
Using the large dataset of benign samples, we were able to define general properties of the
immunopeptidome. First, we showed that a short time storage of the samples at 8 °C does not
alter the immunopeptidome in terms of the number of found peptides and their quality. Next,
we performed quality control, in which we found an altered immunopeptidome in the samples
of stomach tissue, which might be caused by pepsin in the samples. In addition, we analyzed
both the inter- and the intra-individual variability of the immunopeptidome on protein and
peptide level. This analysis revealed that sample variability was better explained by HLA type
than by tissue-specific peptide presentation. Finally, the large dataset of benign samples allows
us to describe properties like the length distribution of different HLA alleles and the nestedness
of the peptides in the two HLA classes.
In the last part of this thesis, we show how targets can be defined using immunopeptidome
data. In this case, we investigated four different hematological malignancies. We describe
entity-dividing lines by using a unsupervised hierarchical clustering of allotype-specific peptides,
which showed that entity-specific analysis is recommended. Nevertheless, we found "panleukemia"-
antigens shared across all four hematological malignancies, which were cancer
exclusive.