Abstract:
SRF-VP16iHep mice activate the constitutive transcription factor SRF-VP16 in a hepatocyte-specific mosaic fashion and consequently, develop hepatocellular carcinoma (mHCC) (Ohrnberger* and Thavamani*, et al., 2015). Using the SRF-VP16iHep mouse model, this thesis focuses on the characterization of mHCC formation from pre-malignant liver nodules. The objective of the current study was to identify carcinogenic driver events responsible for malignant transformation and tumor formation in SRF-VP16iHep livers. To this end, an integrated multi-omics analysis approach was undertaken, which involved the investigation of the genome (exome), transcriptome and proteome at the premalignant and advanced stages of HCC development. Sanger sequencing of genomic candidate loci revealed the presence of Ctnnb1 and Trp53 mutations in two different subsets of mHCCs, respectively. Transcriptome and proteome profiles of Ctnnb1 mutant and Ctnnb1 wildtype mHCCs showed significant differences between the two subsets. SRF-VP16iHep tumor transcriptomes showed striking similarities to that of a distinct subset of human HCCs. This identified SRF-VP16iHep to resemble the G1/G2 subtype of human HCCs, as was indicated by common gene expression signatures, for example activated oncofetal genes. Whole exome sequencing (WES) analysis of mHCCs and pre-malignant nodular tissues revealed an inherent heterogeneity of each mHCC, even when originating within one individual liver. In addition, integrated omics analysis of mHCCs from SRF-VP16iHep mice indicated the occurrence of metabolic reprogramming, for example the activation of aerobic glycolysis and of the mitochondrial 1C-metabolism.