Abstract:
The present work has been dedicated to the investigation of iTBS as a qualified
treatment option in the therapy of anxiety disorders. The theoretical background to
this research question was the imbalance of the fear network, characterised by
prefrontal hypoactivation and hyperactivation of e.g. the amygdala which has been
repeatedly reported in the literature. Moreover, the ability of
rTMS and, within this context iTBS, to distinctly modulate cortical activation patterns
in a non-invasive manner has been demonstrated in multiple studies as well as
clinical case reports before. Drawing the conclusion from these
findings, we designed two studies, whereby each addressed a different possible
application of iTBS in the treatment of anxiety disorders. Hence, the first study
examined the effects of repeated (sham-controlled) iTBS administration as an add-on
tool during the time course of standardized CBT (15 sessions conducted during the
first three weeks) in a group of patients suffering from panic disorder with or without
agoraphobia. The second study on the other side, focused on the one-time iTBS
effect on anxiety symptoms (subjectively perceived fear as well as behavioural and
psychophysiological symptoms) prior to a fear-inducing situation in a group of spider
phobic subjects. In both studies, prefrontal activation was recorded before as well as
after iTBS treatment by means of fNIRS and finally compared to the prefrontal
activation patterns of a healthy control group.
In general, both studies could (1) replicate alterations within the fear network in
terms of divergent prefrontal activation patterns compared to healthy controls. (2)
Further, these deviations in prefrontal activity could partly be normalised after iTBS
application. (3) However, clinical effects, in terms of a subjectively improved
symptom reduction after verum iTBS could not be demonstrated in either of the
studies. The following sections will discuss these results across both studies in more
detail and finally draw conclusions for possible clinical applications.