Abstract:
The accretion of matter is a powerful source of energy which is responsible for the brightest astrophysical objects and events in the Universe. In the majority of cases, this process is accompanied by the formation of an accretion disk surrounding the gravitating object. This is a consequence of angular momentum conservation which prevents the matter from radially falling towards the center. Instead, the material gathers on circular orbits which are determined by the balance of gravitation and the centrifugal force. Accretion disks play an important role in astrophysics and can be found around a variety of objects. As a result of different mechanisms in the disk, the material generates friction. In a differentially rotating disk this means exchange of angular momentum and consequently transport of mass. While the matter is spiraling inwards, it continually looses energy which is radiated away from the surface of the disk. At the inner edge of the accretion disk, the material makes contact with the stellar surface. It has to adopt the angular velocity of the star which is smaller than the disk velocity. The region where the matter is slowed down is called the Boundary Layer (BL). It has a radial extent of about 1% of the stellar radius. Due to the large energy dissipation during the deceleration, the BL can reach luminosities comparable to the disk. Thus, the existence of the BL and its properties can be well examined by observations. From a theoretical point of view, the BL is still poorly understood. It is the aim of this work to shed light upon the non-magnetic BL of accretion disks around white dwarfs and young stars. For this purpose, the problem is approached in different ways, each of which treats a subset of issues concerning the BL. Within the one-dimensional radial approximation, the radiation characteristics of the BL are investigated. The luminosity and a simple BL spectrum are calculated and can be compared to observations. A more sophisticated approach involves the modeling of a vertical structure at each radius, using the density and temperature data from the 1D simulations. Hereby, more detailed synthetic spectra are created and compared to real observations. A major part of this work concerns the vertical structure of the BL. It is still unclear where the disk material is decelerated and how far it spreads over the surface of the star. In a two-dimensional spherical approach, these questions are addressed and it is assessed whether the competing concept of the Spreading Layer is a valid depiction of the star-disk interface. By comparison with previous simulations, it is evaluated whether the 1D model is a sufficient approximation for certain questions. Recent investigations have sparked the exploration of BL instabilities in the equatorial plane. It is analyzed through twodimensional simulations under which conditions the supersonic velocity drop in the BL is prone to instabilities and how oblique shock waves make an impact on the angular momentum and mass transport in the BL.