Abstract:
Land and freshwater mollusks are abundant animals in most Recent continental settings. Likewise, this applies for several fossiliferous deposits. Yet, these animals are often overlooked in paleontological studies, which until relatively recently rarely went beyond alpha taxonomy. Molluscan material from several localities collected during the 19th and 20th centuries is stored in museum collections and never thoroughly studied. As such, their potential remain largely locked away. For my doctoral research, I focused on the taxonomy and paleoecology of the continental molluscan faunas from several Early to Middle Miocene localities (mainly belonging to the Upper Freshwater Molasse, or OSM) from the North Alpine Foreland Basin in southern Germany (Bavaria and Baden-Württemberg states). A thorough taxonomic treatment of the fossils creates a solid basis for a follow-up paleoecological study (with both actualistic and stable isotope analyses). The localities selected for study were: (1) Sandelzhausen (44 species); (2) Randeck Maar (32 species); (3) Riedensheim (34 species) and Adelschlag-Fasanerie (17 species); (4) several outcrops in the districts of Biberach, Ravensburg and Neu-Ulm (total 20 species); (5) Gündlkofen (20 species); (6) Oggenhausen (17 species); (7) Bechingen (19 species) and Daugendorf (13 species); and (8) several boreholes in Eastern Bavaria, also including sediments from the Lower Freshwater Molasse (USM) and Upper Brackish Molasse (OBM) layers (total of 24 species). These localities represent lakes, river systems and more ephemeral water bodies, such as oxbow lakes and abandoned river meanders (the exception being the brackish OBM layers from Eastern Bavaria). In Sandelzhausen and Riedensheim in particular, changes in the water bodies and their respective fauna can be seen through time. In the vicinities of these water bodies, several types of habitats could be found: from littoral reed-belts, through shrublands, to more closed and humid woods; open rocky areas were also very common. During the deposition of OSM layers, southern Germany would have shown a warm temperate to subtropical (Mediterranean-like) climate. This favorable climate and the often calcareous grounds should have composed a welcoming scenario for continental snails. In some of these localities, the diversity of gastropods is astounding, often exceeding 30 species. This is a remarkable richness, especially considering the small size of most localities and the fact that many species likely have not been preserved in the fossil record.