Abstract:
Since the atmosphere of the Earth is opaque for ultraviolet (UV) and X-ray radiation, space-based observatories are crucial for astronomical studies and scientific progress in these domains. The two key aspects of this thesis are both related to future astronomical satellite missions and concern the development of a position sensitive UV detector and the reliability assessment of silicon X-ray sensors.
An advanced microchannel plate (MCP) detector for the UV band is currently under development at the IAAT. High sensitivity, a large dynamic range, long term stability, and a low power dissipation are the necessary requirements to push the performance and lifetime of future UV missions and, therefore, are the key drivers of this effort. Besides the production of efficient photocathodes, the main innovation to reach these goals is the application of a cross-strip anode. This kind of anode has not been used in spaceborne UV detectors so far, particularly because the development of low power front-end electronics is challenging due to a large number of readout channels. A test setup equipped with MCPs to generate realistic signal stimuli for the readout electronics under development has been designed and constructed as part of this thesis.
The second part of this thesis concerns studies of the effects of orbital low energy proton radiation on X-ray sensors. These soft protons can seriously degrade the photon detection performance and are potentially more harmful than energetic protons. Furthermore, instruments with grazing incidence X-ray optics concentrate the ambient orbital proton flux in their focal plane, where the sensors are located. Soft proton radiation is thus considered a major risk to future X-ray missions such as eROSITA, LOFT, and Athena, requiring a thorough assessment and mitigation strategy. Within this work, a unique soft proton irradiation experiment has been set up at the local accelerator facility. It features an unprecedented high flux uniformity over a large area and a monitoring system for the spectrum and the fluence. The setup has been used in two irradiation campaigns for LOFT sensor prototypes and for the irradiation of coated optics for ADM-Aeolus, a future satellite mission to map Earth's global wind profiles. A recent upgrade of the setup enables measurements of the grazing angle soft proton scattering efficiency of which experimental data was scarcely available up to now. Systematic measurements with samples of eROSITA spare mirror shells have been performed. The results deviate from previous measurements and show limitations of widely used simulation codes. The data will be used as an input for a novel ray tracing software dedicated to model proton propagation through X-ray optics.