Abstract:
Parkinson´s disease (PD) is one of the most frequent neurodegenerative diseases. So far, therapy of this progressive disease is primarily symptomatic. Due to the increasing progress in the development of neuroprotective and disease-modifying drugs, which might soon be available, objective and sensitive tests, to study the potential of these new therapeutic approaches, are urgently needed. Motoric deficits often occur early in the course of the disease and have already been analyzed by means of the easily feasible finger tapping for several times. Objective and accurate measurement of this symptom seems to be relevant in this context.
Speeded and metronomic tapping with the index finger were recorded in 16 early-stage, 17 mid-stage PD patients and 18 controls with a force transducer-based quantitative motor system (Q-Motor). 13, 16 and 16 individuals took part in the reassessment 12 month later. Frequency, force, several time intervals and their variances were objectively detected both averaged for sides and in consideration of laterality. UPDRS III, delta TMT, MMSE and BDI were determined for analysis of correlation.
Significant differences between PD patients and controls were found. In the analysis of the data, which were averaged for sides, PD patients showed a significantly increased arhythmicity as well as disturbances in the ability to keep a given rhythm. With the exception of the mid-stage PD patients in speeded tapping PD patients differed also significantly from controls in the mean maximal force. In consideration of laterality the coefficient of variation of force and regularity in metronomic tapping revealed significant differences.
Analysis of correlation showed significant correlations of regularity and the ability to keep a given rhythm with the UPDRS III and the UPDRS III finger tapping score. The tap force coefficient of variation correlated as well with the UPDRS III finger tapping score. Furthermore, frequency and regularity correlated with delta TMT.
After 12 month, no parameter, which demonstrated a relevant progression with a high probability, had been found.
This is the first study investigating the potential of this technique to distinguish between patients with different stages of PD in fine motoric function and to evaluate longitudinal changes. With a couple of parameters PD patients could be differentiated from controls quantitatively and objectively. This suggests that the Q-Motor system has a high potential to distinguish between this groups. The potential of the Q-Motor system to measure disease progression in PD has to be proven in further studies.