Abstract:
Micromorphological analyses at Lower Paleolithic sites at Schöningen, Late Paleolithic sites at Grabow, the Mesolithic site Blätterhöhle, and the Middle Stone Age Site Varsche Rivier 003 are primarily intended to understand the formation of the sites, the layers and specific features. These reconstructions are then used to evaluate human behavior. To this aim, micromorphological analyses were conducted. Micromorphology can identify sedimentary components and most importantly the microstructure of depositional units, and is therefore a powerful tool to detect, analyze and interpret site formation processes. This is especially true for the analysis of hearth features, which represent a distinct depositional unit.
Micromorphological analyses at Schöningen 13 II-4, Schöningen 13 II Upper Berm, and Schöningen 12 II-4 were directed at reconstructing the depositional environment of the archaeological remains. One of the key questions is whether the archaeological remains are in a primary context. The micromorphological analyses found no evidence that the deposits are in a primary context and instead revealed a subaqueous deposition of the find-bearing layers. Consequently, alternative site formation models are discussed (e.g. anthropogenic disposal of materials into the lake, a geological relocation of the artifacts by wave action or slumping, and hunting or caching on lake-ice).
Similarly, at the abri Varsche Rivier 003 micromorphological analyses were able to differentiate between a secondary context on the slope and a more primary, less turbated context inside the abri. This has implications for behavioral interpretations and OSL dating.
Micromorphological analyses on the fluvisol at Grabow, which contains the archaeological sites, confirmed and expanded data on soil formation and environmental reconstruction.
At Schöningen 13 II-4, Blätterhöhle, and Grabow field observations of purported hearths were corrected (Schöningen), verified (Grabow) and their bioturbated character identified (Blätterhöhle) by micromorphological analyses.