Abstract:
Micromorphological analyses at Baaz are primarily intended to understand the formation of the site, the layers and specific features. Excavations at Baaz Rockshelter began in 1999 and continued in 2000 and 2004 under the direction of N.J. Conard from the University of Tübingen as part of the TDASP project, Tübingen-Damascus-Ausgrabungs-und-Survey-Projekt. The shelter is situated on the cliff line above the Jaba’deen Pass in the foothills of the Anti-Lebanon Mountains in south-western Syria. The site provides a rich stratigraphy with Upper Palaeolithic, Epipaleolithic and Neolithic occupation, as demonstrated by the C-14-dates and the artifact analysis.
The best stratigraphic marker at the site is GH 3b, a packed-earth floor that belongs to a Natufian house. The microstratigraphy of the floor deposit at Baaz revealed similarities to a study by Gé et al. (1993) with a passive, reactive, and active zone. Floor construction are known from other Natufian sites. However, no micromorphological analyses were performed on these. The micromorphological analysis at Baaz closes a research gap of the Natufian.
The deposits above the floor are typically gray or yellow-brown silts with fine, medium and coarse limestone rubble. This is also reflected in the micromorphological analyses of GH 4 which revealed dominantly geogenic components. Above the floor construction, GH 1-3, show a grey color, which results from the fine dispersal of microscopic charcoal. However, the grayish-brown color of GH 1 and GH 2 results from the abundance of dung und turbation in these horizons. This explains the mixed dating signal in these horizons.