Abstract:
The ABC effect denotes a pronounced low-mass enhancement in the invariant mass spectrum of two pions generated in double-pionic fusion processes to bound nuclear systems. Recently it has been found to be correlated to a resonance structure in the energy dependence of the total cross section of such processes. Investigations of the double-pionic fusion to deuteron and 4He with kinematically complete high-statistics measurements have been crucial for the understanding the ABC effect, which has been a puzzle for half a century.
The double-pionic fusion to 3He, the first reaction where the ABC effect was observed, has been studied in the present work by exclusive and kinematically complete experiments for the first time over the whole energy region, where the effect takes place. To investigate the energy dependence of the cross section the pd → 3He π0π0 reaction was measured with the WASA detector at COSY under two kinematically different regimes measurement of single-energy pd collisions at a proton beam energy of Tp = 1.0 GeV and measurement of the quasi-free dd → 3He π0π0(nspect) reaction at a deuteron beam energy of Td = 1.7 GeV. Similar to the observations in the basic pn → dπ0π0 reaction and in the dd → 4He π0π0 reaction, a resonance-like energy dependence in the total cross section is observed. The ABC effect is connected to the excitation of a resonance, called d , in pn and ΔΔ systems. The resonance is observed, in the 3He case, with a mass of Md*(3He) ≈ 2.37 GeV and an effective width of Γd*(3He) = 85 MeV. The ABC resonance model, which includes this dibaryonic resonance, also describes successfully the present data.
During the experiment also a DIRC detector was tested, which was constructed at Tübingen and which served as prototype for the future PANDA experiment at FAIR.