Abstract:
Current strategies in the medical treatment of West syndrome
A retrospective analysis
Objectives:
West Syndrome is a type of epilepsy in young infants with limited therapeutic options and heterogeneous etiology. Early and effective treatment is crutial. Steroids / ACTH and vigabatrine are the most effective drugs with potentially heavy side effects, whereas better compatible antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) e.g. sulthiame, pyridoxine, valproate and topiramate often are less effective. Additionally, the heterogeneous etiology has influence on the prognosis and also on the chance of success of antiepileptic therapy. Having these aspects in mind, the question is wether it makes sense to use a therapy algorithm which determines the use of certain drugs in a certain order according to the underlying etiology.
Methods:
30 children with the diagnosis of West syndrome have received antiepileptic treatment according to defined algorithms. Clinical as well as EEG data have been collected and systematically analysed in a retrospective study design. The effects of 6 standard AEDs (prednisolone, vigabatrine, sulthiame, pyridoxine, topiramate and valproate) have been analysed considering the individual previous therapies, the chronological order and the underlying etiology.
Results:
As first-line therapy the most frequently used agents were sulthiame (N=12, effective in one child), pyridoxine (N=8, effective in one child), and vigabatrine (N=7, effective in 2 children). Finally, steroids were the most effective drug in stopping spasms (70% of the children), followed by vigabatrine (30%). Topiramate was effective in one child, whereas valproate showed no effect. In children with tuberous sclerosis vigabatrine was effective, in children with other cerebral malformations or periventricular leucomalcia almost solely steroids were effective. 3 children with the idiopathic form of West syndrome became spasm-free with vigabatrine or pyridoxine.
Conclusion:
In children with the idiopathic form of West syndrome a first-line therapy with pyridoxine or vigabatrine seems reasonable, in children with tuberous sclerosis vigabatrine is effective as is known. In all other etiologic subgroups sequential therapy strategies have not been proved of value, so that steroids are the first choice.