Abstract:
Biogenic amines, among them catecholamines and serotonin, play a pivotal role in a multitude of physiological processes in the human body like neurotransmission, the regulation of the cardiovascular system, and the regulation of many metabolic processes. As a result of their manifold functions, catecholamines and their inactive metabolites, the metanephrines, as well as serotonin play also an important role in different diseases as changes in their concentrations in human body fluids like plasma and urine can provide important information about the underlying disease. Among these diseases, tumor diseases like the pheochromocytoma, neurodegenerative diseases as well as degenerative heart diseases are of great importance.
In an aging society, diseases like Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease or tumor diseases occur more and more often and there is an increasing need for the fast, safe, efficient and precise diagnosis of these diseases. Determination of plasma and urinary catecholamines and metanephrines is generally considered as a principal test for the clinical chemical diagnosis of these diseases. Therefore, there is great interest to measure these analytes in an efficient and cost-effective multiplex format. Multiplex immunoassays allow the determination of multiple parameters in a single sample and only low sample volumes are needed. Furthermore, hundreds of samples can be analyzed in parallel.
In this thesis, multiplexed immunoassays for the quantification of the catecholamines dopamine, norepinephrine and epinephrine as well as for their metabolites, 3-methoxytyramine, normetanephrine, and metanephrine in urine were developed and validated. In addition, serotonin was integrated into the multiplex assay for metanephrines. To demonstrate the usability of these assays, urine samples from patients suffering from pheochromocytoma, neurological disorders and kidney diseases were analyzed and the correlation between the multiplex assays and current state of the art techniques was shown. It could be shown, that the multiplex immunoassays have the potential to be used in routine diagnosis as they enable a simple, fast and precise quantification of catecholamines, metanephrines, and serotonin in urine.