Abstract:
As expressed by Ribbeck (2005), “Die Welt wird Stadt”. The city has indeed become the heart of human activity today and the most dynamic space where the highest levels of social, economic and cultural pressure become manifest. In order to satisfy human needs, cities must provide efficient infrastructure and urban services. Besides housing, energy and water supply, an essential part of this urban infrastructure and facilities is related to mobility. The world today is not only urban, it has also become “online”. Addressing solutions for any human demand today means working in a very complex and multicultural environment. The growing concerns about the environment, climate change, energy production and consumption, urban development, demography and the political and economic power shifts in different regions of the world, are some of the challenges that planners face today when designing projects, proposing policies and measures, and, last but not least, when developing new concepts in urban mobility for the future. They are supposed to present optimal solutions in accordance with the multiple transformations taking place in cities. The actors involved in local governance, the different levels of government and the population itself, all face difficulties when it comes to developing constructive and co-ordinated actions. Considering the above statements, it can be assumed that today there is a strong need for a re-evaluation of the current planning approaches, both in developed and developing countries. Cities from the developed world need to redesign their planning concepts and reinvent themselves, due to the current transformations related to technological and demographic change and the impacts on urban development, transport planning and infrastructure. Developing cities need to generate appropriate planning concepts, adapted to their reality. Therefore, urban transport planning approaches from both the developing and developed world are relevant issues for the researching and seeking of methods to support and strengthen the development of public policies and plans, taking advantage of the gains already obtained by the mature planning schools. Therefore, the main issue of this thesis is to analyse currently employed urban transport planning (UTP) models in European and Latin American cities, focusing on comparisons between the planning approaches of selected cities used as case study areas (CSAs), in order to support the conclusions and recommendations of an integrated urban transport planning approach towards accessible cities meeting the demands of individual and collective development. The analysis considers the background of Latin American urban transport planning alongside European planning traditions. It analyses the deficiencies of urban transport, the challenges faced by planners, and the solutions developed in the European and Latin American cities which are part of the present study. The study describes the similarities, differences and incongruities of urban transport planning approaches within a multicultural perspective and their interface with the current urban development concepts in these cities. Based on that, a model is proposed aiming to contribute to the enhancement of planning approaches in the European and Latin American cities. Indeed, the comparison aims to give contributory ideas to urban transport planners in the search of solutions for the development of public policies and for the design and implementation of optimised urban transport planning approaches.