Abstract:
Friulimicin is a highly potent antibiotic, which is active against a broad range of multiresistant gram-positive bacteria such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus and Enterococcus spec. (MRS, MRE) strains. For better understanding of the biosynthesis and for investigating different approaches for enhancing the productivity of the lipopeptide antibiotic friulimicin in the “rare actinomycete” Actinoplanes friuliensis different model processes were developed.
For the development of these model processes and for the characterisation of friulimicin biosynthesis in A. friuliensis, a chemically defined medium was used. In this medium the influence of medium components on the physiological and morphological properties of the filamentous growing strain were investigated. Furthermore the composition of the medium was adapted in order to increase the yields of biomass and friulimicin. From cultivations with defined medium, approaches for the development of process control strategies and enhanced process analysis were derived.
During the development of process control strategies, fed-batch cultivations showed high potential for increasing the productivity of friulimicin. Phosphate, which is a component of the defined medium, is essential for growth and activity of the cells, but inhibited friulimicin biosynthesis. By limited feeding of phosphate the friulimicin production phase could be prolonged and parallel growth activity occurred. Not only phosphate but also the by-product ammonium inhibited friulimicin biosynthesis. By feeding of glucose, formation of ammonium could be prevented. During the process development a continuous process with cell retention was shown to be particularly favourable for friulimicin production. Compared to a batch and fed-batch process the volumetric productivity was increased at least by a factor of two.
In order to improve the efficiency of process development the use of online analytical methods like middle infrared and dielectric spectroscopy were tested during cultivations. The middle infrared spectroscopy (micro biolytics GmbH, Esslingen) was a suitable method for analysing a huge number of substrates and for identifying by-product formation. As an alternative for the analysis of cell dry weight, which is error prone for filamentous growing microorganisms, dielectric spectroscopy turned out to be suitable and delivered an online signal for biomass.
Data from cultivations of A. friuliensis were also used to support the process development by metabolic flux analysis in a genome derived metabolic model (Insilico Biotechnology, Stuttgart). With these analyses a more precise understanding of the friulimicin biosynthesis in A. friuliensis was possible. Therefore, these analyses might contribute to the process optimization with respect to the improvement of process control strategies as well as on genetic level.