Abstract:
Photosystem I (PSI) is a protein essential for photosynthesis harbouring in its trimeric form in cyanobacteria about 300 chlorophyll molecules. In this work, I report on fluorescence measurements of single PSI complexes from the cyanobacteria Thermosynechococcus elongatus and Arthrospira platensis, performed with a confocal microscope at low temperature (1.4 K).
Glycerol binds directly to PSI:
Fluorescence measurements comparing preparations of PSI from T. elongatus at 1.4 K in buffer without additives, with glycerol, and in poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) films showed a clear and opposite effect of glycerol and PVA on the conformation of PSI. Whereas glycerol stabilises the protein scaffold and induces a more compact protein conformation of the PSI complexes, PVA destabilises and leads to a nonnatural protein conformation. Further experiments showed clearly that the stabilising effect of glycerol can be attributed at least in part to a direct interaction with PSI.
Fluorescence is affected by the redox state of the reaction center:
Spectra of single PSI complexes of A. platensis showed three distinctive emission bands, only two of which had been known from ensemble measurements. This newly discovered emission band is characterised by sharp zero phonon lines. The striking similarity to spectra from T. elongatus points towards structural similarities of the PSI complexes of both organisms. Bulk spectra of T. elongatus preparations recorded in collaboration with Eberhard Schlodder (TU Berlin) led to the discovery of a new, previously unknown emission band whose emission intensity depends strongly on the redox state of the reaction centre. This band corresponds to the one known for PSI complexes from A. platensis. For the first time this dependence of fluorescence on the redox state of the reaction centre could be demonstrated for single PSI complexes.
Metal nanostructures change the function of PSI complexes:
Due to their potential use for power generation and hydrogen production, bio-nano hybrid systems are currently intensely investigated. PSI complexes from T. elongatus showed amplified emission on hexagonal periodic metal nanostructures (Fischer pattern) made of gold and silver, respectively. The amplification was stronger with silver compared to gold. Additionally, the amplification depended on the wavelength, pointing towards a change in function of the PSI complexes due to the metal nanostructures.
A new confocal low-temperature microscope for single molecule spectroscopy:
At the heart of the newly developed confocal low-temperature microscope for single molecule spectroscopy are piezo actuators for sample positioning and piezo scanners for sample scanning. A new system for sample transfer allows for change of samples at very low temperatures down to 4.2 K. Comparable systems have not been described so far. The setup is operated by software developed in parallel, allowing for controlling all components and acquiring data. Furthermore, a toolbox for data analysis was developed to display the data and perform statistical analyses.