Abstract:
The present study investigates the role of Phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI3K) pathway in the regulation of dendritic cell (DC) functions. DCs are antigen-presenting cells that provide a link between innate and adaptive immunity and are required for initiation of specific T cell-driven immune responses. The present project concentrates on the possible regulation of DC functions by two PI3K-dependent kinases, Akt2; and serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase-1 (SGK1), which share 55% identity in their kinase domain regions.
Akt 2; is known to be required for macrophage and DC migration, though the involved mechanisms remained undefined. On the other hand, DC migration is governed by Ca2+ signaling. In the present study, we addressed the mechanisms of
Akt2-dependent DC migration by studying the possible involvement of Akt2 in Ca2+ signaling. In conclusion, Akt2 upregulates IP3R2 transcription in DCs, presumably by enhancing the expression of ETS1 and this effect may underlie the stimulating effect of Akt2 on DC migration.
On the other hand, PI3K activation suppresses proinflammatory cytokine production in DCs, which limits excessive T helper (Th1) polarization. Little is known about the mechanisms of PI3K-mediated suppression in DCs. The present study explored whether SGK1 can act as a negative regulator of DC functions downstream from PI3K.
These observations point to an important role of SGK1 in the regulation of DC functions and thus disclose a novel element in the cross-talk between innate and adaptive immunity. Impaired phosphorylation of NDRG-1 in SGK1-deficient DCs may underlie enhanced nuclear localization of NF-k;B and, accordingly, increased maturation and IL-12 production.