Abstract:
The Sahel region had a moderately good vegetation cover but presently, the land-scape is experiencing serious degradation. Research carried out in the field of desertification has not contributed to reducing or reversing these impacts. The spatio-temporal dynamics and intensities of desertification over 34 years were investigated. As such, the objective of this thesis is to investigate and monitor land degradation and desertification processes by using Remote Sensing, Geoinformatics and Geographic Information System techniques, in combination with landscape metrics and soil erosion models in the Tillabéry landscape. The evaluations of land use / land cover were carried out by classifying from one Landsat Multispectral Scanner (1973-09-30), one Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper plus (2001-09-18) and two Landsat TM images (1989-09-29 and 2007-09-27). The results of these classifications revealed an increasing trend in desertification throughout the study period.
This study also brings into perspective the usefulness of landscape structure analysis within the context of desertification process analysis. A set of indices were selected to investigate multitemporal change in the Tillabéry landscape. These indices revealed an increase in the percentage of bare areas and also a decrease in shrub areas. The results show further that the Tillabéry landscape has a large number of patches with smaller patch sizes, indicating, that the original landscape has been converted gradually into bare area and the land degradation in the region is an acute problem.
In a bid to further understand the trend and status of desertification in the Tillabéry landscape, a desertified index was developed and dynamic soil erosion models-RUSLE and USPED were applied. In this way, the most sensitive areas and trends to the desertification processes were identified. The RUSLE and USPED models depict a rational evolution of soil loss distribution during the study period. Both soil erosion scenarios output show greater soil erosion in 2070 in the study area. The results suggest that human disturbance and topographic factors led to an increase in the affected areas. However, considerable improvements in sustainable land use systems in the study area need to be developed in order to decrease the amount, direction, velocity, fragmentation, irregularity of patches and loss of biodiversity in the future.