Abstract:
In this thesis, local electrical transport properties of superconducting devices and systems of correlated electrons were studied to gain new insights into their physical behavior. Two different approaches were used for that. An integral measuring method was used to determine the local non-linear phase difference of Josephson devices by varying an applied magnetic field at different angles. Furthermore, supercurrent distributions, magnetic vortices in superconducting structures and electrical conductivities in thin film devices have been investigated by means of a modernized low-temperature-scanning-electron microscopy (LTSEM) system. Generally, the present thesis treats four different subjects.
Analysis of the critical current Ic in response to the amplitude and orientation of the external magnetic field H were made on 0-pi-systems of multi-facet planar superconductor-insulator- ferromagnet-superconductor junctions (SIFS junctions) and on YBa2Cu3O7-d/Au/Nb zigzag ramp-edge junctions. Thus, it was possible to determine both, the inhomogeneous magnetic flux and the spatially varying phase within the barrier for different field angles. The specific geometries of the devices play an important role. This contributes to the general understanding of integral transport properties and of the Ic(H) characteristics of the investigated Josephson junctions. Hence, the occurrence of a “dead angle” and other anomalous effects could be interpreted. Those can even appear for small deviations (<< 0.1 °) from the ideal field angle and may lead to erroneous conclusions about the sample quality or even the physics investigated.
Current distributions and magnetic vortices in Sr1-xLaxCuO2-grain boundary Josephson junctions have been imaged by LTSEM. The junctions form a phase-sensitive experiment based on a pi-SQUID-design. Here, the LTSEM images provide the unambiguous proof that the infinite-layer cuprate has a d-wave order parameter symmetry. Parasitic effects could be associated with Josephson vortices, which couple inductively to the SQUID. Above a critical field, these vortices appear as a vortex chain. A quantitative evaluation of their inductive coupling yielded important findings about LTSEM imaging of magnetic flux quanta. Besides, shielding currents and spatial modulations of the Josephson current density in the grain boundaries of the pi-SQUID junctions were imaged. The signal generation model was verified by comparison with simulations.
In addition, the LTSEM imaging technique was applied for studies concerning dephasing-effects in serial SQUID arrays (SSA). Dephased SQUIDs within a SSA could be identified, the homogeneity of the critical currents of individual SQUIDs was mapped, and parasitic flux quanta causing dephasing were localized. This is valuable information on local properties which are important to optimize these devices.
In order to investigate the electrical breakdown at the insulator-metal transition (IMT) in V2O3 films, LTSEM was used to image local differences in electrical conductivity. These are based on self heating effects of the voltage- or rather current-driven transition. The formation of a stable metallic filament was observed. In addition to numerical simulations, this confirms the formation of electro-thermal domains and, thus, provided insights into the IMT of the correlated electron system which was studied.