Abstract:
Since the 1990s, the question of democratic decision-making in the fields of urban planning and administration has gained increasing attention in Brazil as well as from abroad. Researchers from different disciplines such as sociology, geography and political science, deal extensively with the study of a variety of the procedures and institutions of direct democracy. A significant share of researchers focusing on participation follow the mainstream of participatory/deliberative democracy theory and see direct citizen participation as a promising mechanism in order to correct abuses in politics. In the specific case of Porto Alegre, citizen participation is even understood by some authors as an effective means of combating social inequalities. Frequently in literature, reference is made to the participatory budget – a democratic process that is currently known worldwide and, according to some assumptions, should offer ordinary citizens the opportunities to make political decisions at a local level. However, to what extent do these assumptions correspond to reality? Based both on extensive empirical studies in Porto Alegre and on insights from several theoretical approaches, the author makes a critical analysis of some widespread assumptions about the Process of citizen participation in this city. In the course of this analysis, the Author come to the Conviction that citizen participation has become in Porto Alegre (and elsewhere in Brazil) a Technology of Government as defined by the adherents of the governmentality approach. As such, public participation yields greater legitimacy of measures proposed by the government, but it is not necessarily a tool that leads to a serious deepening of democracy and it certainly does not lead to fundamental transformations of existing power structures in society. This is an expectation of some adherents of the mainstream of participatory/deliberative democracy theory, which cannot be confirmed in Porto Alegre. The reputation of Porto Alegre as the "city of democracy", as well as a city that promotes “inversion of priorities” through citizen participation and thereby effectively combat social problems, can be understood as a result of efficient work on public relations. The reality is quite different: Although in Porto Alegre people participate somewhat more than in other cities, in the end Porto Alegre grows similarly to other large Brazilian cities. The author comes to the conclusion that implemented urban planning measures in the last 20 years, do not really achieve the goal of a more equitable socio-spatial urban development as proposed by geographer Marcelo Lopes de Souza in his theoretical approach. However, the goal of growth, in accordance with the approach of the Growth Machine by the sociologist John R. Logan and Harvey L Molotch predominate.