Abstract:
In Brazil, medicinal plants have been widely used for the treatment of diseases in folk medicine. However, the effective compounds responsible for the biological effects are often unknown. Extracts prepared from traditional medicinal plants from South Brazil were screened for their anti-inflammatory and wound healing activities. The Boraginaceae Cordia americana, locally known as “Guajuvira”, and the Solanaceae Brugmansia suaveolens, generically recognized as “Trombeteira”, presented interesting activity in the biological screening. Thus, the objective of this dissertation was the investigation of the ethanolic extracts prepared from the leaves of both plants and the characterization of potential effective compounds, focusing on: firstly, the isolation of the plant constituents using chromatographic methods; secondly, structural elucidation by means of spectroscopy experiments; and finally, biological investigation of the plant extracts and their respective compounds targeting different aspects of inflammation and wound healing processes.
From the ethanolic extract of Cordia americana, flavonols (rutin and quercitrin), phenolic compounds (rosmarinic acid, rosmarinic acid ethyl ester and 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-hydroxypropanoic acid), phytosterols (campesterol and beta-sistosterol) and triterpenoids (alpha- and beta-amyrin) were characterized. Quantification analysis of the plant extract showed rosmarinic acid as the major constituent with an amount of 8.44%. The ethanolic extract exhibited higher inhibition (i.e., proinflammatory mediators p38alpha and JNK3, TNFalpha and 5-LO as well as on scratch assay) in comparison with the predominant and other isolated compounds, however, evidences were provided for a crucial role of rosmarinic acid as the major key player.
Regarding the ethanolic extract of Brugmansia suaveolens, four new flavonol glycosides kaempferol 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1’’’-2’’)-O-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside-7-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside, kaempferol 3-O-beta-D-[6’’’-O-(3,4-dihydroxy-cinnamoyl)]-glucopyranosyl-(1’’’→2’’)-O-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside-7-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside, kaempferol 3-O-beta-D-[2’’’-O-(3,4-dihydroxy-cinnamic acid)]-glucopyranosyl-(1’’’-2’’)-O-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside-7-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside and kaempferol 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1’’’-2’’)-O-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside were isolated. Concerning the biological effects of the ethanolic extract, the kaempferol aglycone as well as further non-isolated secondary metabolites might contribute to the plant activity.
In summary, this dissertation increases the phytochemical and pharmacological knowledge about Cordia americana and Brugmansia suaveolens, which support their use in traditional medicine.