Abstract:
Being a newcomer in a group demands adaptation to a new situation. The current research is the first to investigate long-term self-concept changes induced by group memberships under a self-regulation perspective. In quasi-experimental studies in the context of exchange years, it was demonstrated that (former) outgroups can be integrated into the self-concept similar to ingroups. In further experimental and field studies, the influence of newcomers’ individual regulatory strategies on the inclusion of the new group into the social self was investigated. Longitudinally, it was shown that approach and avoidance strategies affect the inclusion of the group into the self-concept, well-being and achievement effort. Moreover, it was expected and found that approach and avoidance strategies in newcomers lead to a heightened sensitivity towards positive and negative membership-related feedback, respectively, and therefore predict specific aspects of self-concept changes: When accepted by the group, newcomers’ approach strategies (but not avoidance strategies) lead to stronger social identification with the new group. When rejected by the group, newcomers’ avoidance strategies (but not approach strategies) lead to stronger disidentification from the group. High internal motivation to enter the group, however, buffers the effects of approach and avoidance strategies upon rejection: for newcomers high in internal motivation, approach strategies are related to social identification even in face of rejection, and avoidance strategies are no longer related to disidentification, despite the rejection. Taken together, the results demonstrate that the self-concept is dynamic in its adaptation to changes in the social environment. By applying a self-regulatory perspective, newcomers are not regarded as passive objects, but as motivated protagonists in their self-concept adaption.